Bash Commands
| uname -a |
Show system and kernel |
| head -n1 /etc/issue |
Show distribution |
| mount |
Show mounted filesystems |
| date |
Show system date |
| uptime |
Show uptime |
| whoami |
Show your username |
| man command |
Show manual for command |
Bash Shortcuts
| CTRL-c |
Stop current command |
| CTRL-z |
Sleep program |
| CTRL-a |
Go to start of line |
| CTRL-e |
Go to end of line |
| CTRL-u |
Cut from start of line |
| CTRL-k |
Cut to end of line |
| CTRL-r |
Search history |
| !! |
Repeat last command |
| !abc |
Run last command starting with abc |
| !abc:p |
Print last command starting with abc |
| !$ |
Last argument of previous command |
| ALT-. |
Last argument of previous command |
| !* |
All arguments of previous command |
| ^abc^123 |
Run previous command, replacing abc with 123 |
Bash Variables
| env |
Show environment variables |
| echo $NAME |
value of $NAME variable |
| export NAME=value |
Set $NAME to value |
| $PATH |
Executable search path |
| $HOME |
Home directory |
| $SHELL |
Current shell |
IO Redirection
|
cmd < file
|
cmd1 <(cmd2)
- of cmd2 as file input to cmd1
|
cmd > file
- Standard (stdout) of cmd to file
|
|
cmd > /dev/null
|
|
cmd >> file
|
cmd 2> file
- Error (stderr) of cmd to file
|
cmd 1>&2
- stdout to same place as stderr
|
cmd 2>&1
- stderr to same place as stdout
|
|
cmd &> file
|
cmd refers to a command.
Command Lists
|
cmd1 ; cmd2
|
cmd1 && cmd2
- Run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful
|
cmd1 || cmd2
- Run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful
|
|
cmd &
|
Nano Shortcuts
| Files |
| Ctrl-R |
Read file |
| Ctrl-O |
Save file |
| Ctrl-X |
Close file |
| Cut and Paste |
| ALT-A |
Start marking text |
| CTRL-K |
Cut marked text or line |
| CTRL-U |
Paste text |
| Navigate File |
| ALT-/ |
End of file |
| CTRL-A |
Beginning of line |
| CTRL-E |
End of line |
| CTRL-C |
Show line number |
| CTRL-_ |
Go to line number |
| Search File |
| CTRL-W |
Find |
| ALT-W |
Find next |
| CTRL-\ |
Search and replace |
More nano info at:
http://www.nano-editor.org/docs.php
Process Management
| ps |
Show snapshot of processes |
| top |
Show real time processes |
| kill pid |
Kill process with id pid |
| pkill name |
Kill process with name name |
| killall name |
Kill all processes with names beginning name |
|
|
Screen Shortcuts
|
screen
|
|
screen -r
|
screen -list
- Show your current screen sessions.
|
CTRL-A
- Activate commands for screen.
|
CTRL-A c
- Create a new instance of terminal.
|
CTRL-A n
- Go to the next instance of terminal.
|
CTRL-A p
- Go to the previous instance of terminal.
|
CTRL-A "
- Show current instances of terminals.
|
CTRL-A A
- Rename the current instance.
|
More screen info at:
http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/
ls Options
| -a |
Show all (including hidden) |
| -R |
Recursive list |
| -r |
Reverse order |
| -t |
Sort by last modified |
| -S |
Sort by file size |
| -l |
Long listing format |
| -1 |
One file per line |
| -m |
Comma-separated |
| -Q |
Quoted |
Search Files
| grep pattern files |
Search for pattern in files |
| grep -i |
Case insensitive search |
| grep -r |
Recursive search |
| grep -v |
Inverted search |
| grep -o |
Show matched part of file only |
| find /dir/ -name name* |
Find files starting with name in dir |
| find /dir/ -user name |
Find files owned by name in dir |
| find /dir/ -mmin num |
Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir |
| whereis command |
Find binary / source / manual for command |
| locate file |
Find file (quick search of system index) |
Directory Operations
| pwd |
Show current directory |
| mkdir dir |
Make directory dir |
| cd dir |
Change directory to dir |
| cd .. |
Go up a directory |
| ls |
List files |
File Operations
|
touch file1
|
|
cat file1 file2
|
|
less file1
|
|
file file1
|
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cp file1 file2
|
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mv file1 file2
|
|
rm file1
|
head file1
- Show first 10 lines of file1
|
tail file1
- Show last 10 lines of file1
|
tail -f file1
- last lines of file1 as it changes
|
File Permissions
chmod 775 file
- Change mode of file to 775
|
chmod -R 600 folder
- Recursively chmod folder to 600
|
chown user:group file
- Change file owner to user and group to group
|
File Permission Numbers
| The first digit is the owner permission, the second the group and the third for everyone. |
| Calculate each of the three permission digits by adding the numeric values of the permissions below. |
| 4 |
read (r) |
| 2 |
write (w) |
| 1 |
execute (x) |
|
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